The wand is a symbolic phallus, and is utilized by the Witch for
moving energy in a wide or disbursed area. The wood from which a wand
is made varies according to culture and tradition. In Devonshire, the
local tradition is for a Witch to carry a Black Rod which is made from blackthorn. The Welsh Gwyddon uses a length of scarlet rowan called the Hudlath,
or Rod of Enchantment. According to Welsh tradition, wands were used as
a test of chastity. The Mabinogion relates one tale in which the wand
of Math is used to determine whether or not Arianrhod had remained a virgin.
However, in Scotland the term Bune Wand was given to a forked wand or staff. It referred to a Witch's spirit flight upon these riding poles. In Germany, the word gabelreiterinnen
was used to describe a Witch and translated as "pitchfork-rider." In
some traditions, the ends of these poles are carved to represent an
erect phallus that is then concealed by being bound with ash and birch
twigs. In this form, the wand also becomes the besom or broom that is
so often associated with the stereotypical witch. Manx Witches employ
the use of a broom in a ritual referred to as the Naked Broom that
involves the placing of a curse. At Shrovetide in Westphalia, Germany,
houses are ritually swept with a white broom which is then hung over
the door of the cow-house.